Technology-based decentralization and the structural limits of legal attribution: Why adapting the law requires rethinking its foundations

Autori

  • Filippo Zatti

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32091/RIID0274

Parole chiave:

Tecnologia blockchain, Decentralizzazione, Smart contract, Giurisdizione, Lex cryptographia

Abstract

Decentralizzazione tecnologica e presupposti strutturali dell’ordinamento. Ripensare i fondamenti del diritto prima di adeguarlo all’innovazione
Il presente contributo esamina se la decentralizzazione di matrice blockchain ponga all’ordinamento sfide risolvibili tramite adeguamento incrementale, o riveli piuttosto un’inadeguatezza strutturale nei suoi stessi fondamenti. Gli ordinamenti giuridici postulano l’individuazione di soggetti – persone fisiche, enti dotati di personalità giuridica, autorità pubbliche – cui attribuire diritti e obblighi. L’attribuzione si dispiega lungo tre dimensioni costitutive: territorio, linguaggio, soggettività giuridica incarnata. La tecnologia blockchain e i sistemi decentralizzati autonomi – organizzazioni autonome decentralizzate, protocolli di finanza decentralizzata – destabilizzano ciascuna di esse, operando senza centri identificabili di autorità responsabile. La sfida è dunque strutturale, non regolatoria: venendo meno i centri di attribuzione, le categorie giuridiche smarriscono il referente che ne fonda il significato. Le risposte regolatorie – il regolamento MiCAR, le decisioni di enforcement statunitensi – riconducono la responsabilità in capo a soggetti identificabili. L’integrazione delle tecnologie decentralizzate fa emergere la necessità di ricostituire centri di attribuzione identificabili: non un mero adeguamento del quadro normativo vigente, bensì un’opera di innovazione istituzionale.

Biografia autore

  • Filippo Zatti

    Professore associato di Diritto dell'economia presso l'Università di Firenze, Dipartimento di Economia e Management (DISEI), e ricopre il ruolo di coordinatore scientifico dell'Unità di ricerca «Blockchain e Intelligenza Artificiale per l'Impresa, l'Economia e il Diritto» (BABEL). È inoltre membro accademico dell'Istituto Bancario Europeo

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Pubblicato

2026-05-19

Fascicolo

Sezione

Studi e ricerche

Come citare

[1]
Zatti, F. 2026. Technology-based decentralization and the structural limits of legal attribution: Why adapting the law requires rethinking its foundations. Rivista italiana di informatica e diritto. 8, 1 (May 2026), 19. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32091/RIID0274.