Gli spazi di sperimentazione normativa nell’Unione europea: regolamentare l’innovazione tra principi e prassi applicative
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32091/RIID0211Parole chiave:
Spazi di sperimentazione normativa, Regulatory sandboxes, Unione europea, Co-regolazione, Intelligenza artificialeAbstract
Il contributo esplora l’evoluzione dell’approccio normativo dell’Unione europea nel rispondere alle sfide poste dalle tecnologie emergenti, evidenziando la transizione da un modello basato sulla neutralità tecnologica a strumenti innovativi e flessibili, come gli spazi di sperimentazione normativa (c.d. regulatory sandboxes). Questi strumenti, centrali nel quadro dell’AI Act, sono concepiti come veri e propri laboratori di regolamentazione, permettendo di valutare l’efficacia delle norme esistenti e di apportare modifiche mirate per rispondere a esigenze tecniche e sociali in continua evoluzione. Nonostante le opportunità offerte, emergono alcune criticità che richiedono attenzione. Questioni legate alla trasparenza, all’equità di accesso e alla distribuzione delle responsabilità tra innovatori, autorità pubbliche e società civile sollevano importanti interrogativi. Per evitare frammentazioni normative tra gli Stati membri e mitigare i rischi di “cattura regolatoria”, è fondamentale definire criteri di selezione e meccanismi di supervisione chiari e uniformi. Questo contributo intende mettere in luce come le sandboxes normative, se implementate correttamente, possano divenire strumenti strategici per una regolazione basata su evidenze empiriche, favorendo un dialogo costruttivo tra regolatori e innovatori. In linea con i principi di trasparenza e inclusività sanciti dall’Unione europea, esse rappresentano una nuova frontiera per un modello di governance capace di affrontare le complessità delle tecnologie emergenti.
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