Ethical integration of AI in judicial systems: Advancing fairness, transparency, and judicial efficiency

Abstract

This study assesses the perceived role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in advancing judicial reform in Albania, with emphasis on efficiency, fairness, and transparency. A survey of 340 students in law, computer science, and computer engineering was analysed using Spearman’s rank correlation to explore how perceived benefits and risks relate to support for AI in justice processes. The findings show a balanced view. Students acknowledge AI’s potential to reduce delays and improve administrative coordination, yet they also express concerns about bias, limited transparency, and relying on automated tools in decisions that affect fundamental rights. They emphasise the need for clear rules, explainable systems, and strong human oversight to ensure responsible use. This research makes a pioneering contribution to understanding how future legal professionals perceive AI in transitional judicial systems, introducing an AI-Driven Justice System Framework based on the study’s findings.